| |
Safety at school
|
School connectedness
|
Teacher connectedness
|
Peer support
|
|---|
|
β
|
95 % Confidence interval
|
β
|
95 % Confidence interval
|
β
|
95 % Confidence interval
|
β
|
95 % Confidence interval
|
|---|
|
End of primary school
|
|
Mental wellbeing (DASS)
|
|
Depression
|
−1.80
|
(−2.73, −0.86)**
|
−2.28
|
(−3.08, −1.48)**
|
−0.11
|
(−0.61, 0.39)
|
−2.13
|
(−3.41, −0.84)**
|
|
Anxiety
|
−1.48
|
(−2.27, −0.68)**
|
−1.22
|
(−1.84, −0.54)**
|
−0.01
|
(−0.44, 0.41)
|
−1.56
|
(−2.64, −0.47)**
|
|
Stress
|
−2.36
|
(−3.44, −1.27)**
|
−1.78
|
(−2.71, −0.86)**
|
−0.05
|
(−0.64, 0.53)
|
−2.97
|
(−4.46, −1.48)**
|
|
Emotional wellbeing (SDQ)
|
|
Emotional symptoms
|
−0.79
|
(−1.11, −0.47)**
|
−0.67
|
(−0.94, −0.39)**
|
0.14
|
(−0.03, 0.32)
|
−1.25
|
(−1.69, −0.81)**
|
|
Conduct problems
|
−0.15
|
(−0.26, 0.03)*
|
−0.16
|
(−0.26, −0.07)**
|
−0.07
|
(−0.13, −0.01)*
|
−0.19
|
(−0.34, −0.03)*
|
|
Hyperactivity
|
−0.34
|
(−0.53, −0.15)**
|
−0.22
|
(−0.38, −0.05)**
|
−0.20
|
(−0.30, −0.10)**
|
−0.36
|
(−0.62, −0.10)**
|
|
Peer problems
|
−0.24
|
(−0.35, −0.13)**
|
−0.34
|
(−0.43, −0.24)**
|
0.07
|
(0.01, 0.13)*
|
−0.82
|
(−0.97, −0.67)**
|
|
Pro-social behaviour
|
0.19
|
(−0.04, 0.43)
|
0.39
|
(0.19, 0.59)**
|
0.36
|
(0.24, 0.49)**
|
0.72
|
(0.39, 1.04)**
|
|
Total difficulties
|
−0.99
|
(−1.34, −0.63)**
|
−0.98
|
(−1.29, −0.68)**
|
−0.12
|
(−0.31, 0.07)
|
−1.80
|
(−2.30, −1.31)**
|
|
End of first year secondary school
|
|
Mental Health (DASS)
|
|
Depression
|
−3.03
|
(−4.02, −2.04)**
|
−3.14
|
(−3.91, −2.38)**
|
−0.22
|
(−0.70, 0.25)
|
−0.50
|
(−1.80, 0.80)
|
|
Anxiety
|
−4.01
|
(−4.84, −3.18)**
|
−1.39
|
(−2.03, −0.75)**
|
0.01
|
(−0.38, 0.40)
|
−0.66
|
(−1.73, 0.43)
|
|
Stress
|
−2.97
|
(−3.94, −1.99)**
|
−2.58
|
(−3.32, −1.82)**
|
0.03
|
(−0.44, 0.49)
|
−0.51
|
(−1.78, 0.77)
|
|
Emotional wellbeing (SDQ)
|
|
Emotional symptoms
|
−0.74
|
(−1.04, −0.45)**
|
−0.63
|
(−0.85, −0.40)**
|
−0.05
|
(−0.19, 0.08)
|
−0.65
|
(−1.04, −0.26)**
|
|
Conduct problems
|
−0.61
|
(−0.85, −0.37)**
|
−0.36
|
(−0.55, −0.18)**
|
−0.25
|
(−0.36, −0.14)**
|
−0.04
|
(−0.36, 0.28)
|
|
Hyperactivity
|
−0.19
|
(−0.50, 0.13)
|
−0.70
|
(−0.94, −0.46)**
|
−0.32
|
(−0.47, −0.17)**
|
−0.26
|
(−0.68, 0.15)
|
|
Peer problems
|
−0.57
|
(−0.77, −0.37)**
|
−0.45
|
(−0.61, −0.30)**
|
−0.01
|
(−0.11, 0.08)
|
−1.39
|
(−1.66, 1.12)**
|
|
Pro-social behaviour
|
−0.12
|
(−0.35, 0.12)
|
0.27
|
(0.09, 0.45)**
|
0.32
|
(0.20, 0.43)**
|
0.93
|
(0.61, 1.24)**
|
|
Total difficulties
|
−2.05
|
(−2.78, −1.31)**
|
−2.11
|
(−2.67, −1.54)**
|
−0.62
|
(−0.97, −0.28)**
|
−2.05
|
(−3.02, −1.07)**
|
|
End of second year secondary school
|
|
Mental wellbeing (DASS)
|
|
Depression
|
−2.48
|
(−3.40, −1.56)**
|
−2.70
|
(−3.34, −2.06)**
|
0.37
|
(−0.03, 0.77)
|
−2.85
|
(−4.02, −1.68)**
|
|
Anxiety
|
−2.02
|
(−2.81, −1.24)**
|
−1.82
|
(−2.37, −1.28)**
|
0.21
|
(−0. 12, 0.55)
|
−2.90
|
(−3.89, −1.92)**
|
|
Stress
|
−2.13
|
(−3.00, −1.26)**
|
−2.12
|
(−2.72, −1.52)**
|
0.42
|
(0.04, 0.79)*
|
0.37
|
(0.32, 0.42)**
|
|
Emotional wellbeing (SDQ)
|
|
Emotional symptoms
|
−0.72
|
(−0.96, −0.48)**
|
−0.55
|
(−0.71, −0.39)**
|
0.02
|
(−0.08, 0.12)
|
−0.38
|
(−0.68, −0.08)*
|
|
Conduct problems
|
−0.35
|
(−0.55, −0.15)*
|
−0.54
|
(−0.67, −0.40)**
|
−0.07
|
(−0.16, 0.38)
|
−0.13
|
(−0.12, −0.38)
|
|
Hyperactivity
|
−0.44
|
(−0.67, −0.21)**
|
−0.45
|
(−0.61, −0.30)**
|
−0.19
|
(−0.28, −0.09)**
|
−0.21
|
(−0.08, 0.50)
|
|
Peer problems
|
−0.51
|
(−0.67, −0.34)**
|
−0.34
|
(−0.45, −0.23)**
|
−0.05
|
(−0.12, 0.02)
|
−1.09
|
(−1.30, −0.88)**
|
|
Pro-social behaviour
|
0.13
|
(−0.08, 0.34)
|
0.39
|
(−0.24, 0.57)**
|
0.20
|
(0.11, 0.29)**
|
0.64
|
(0.38, 0.91)**
|
|
Total difficulties
|
−1.94
|
(−2.52, −1.36)**
|
−1.82
|
(−2.22, −1.41)**
|
−0.32
|
(−0.57, −0.07)*
|
−0.90
|
(−1.63, −0.15)*
|
- Models at the end of primary school controlled for gender. All models at the end of first and second year of secondary school controlled for gender and measures at the previous time point
- * Significant at p < 0.05
- ** Significant at p < 0.01
