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Theory, Research and Practice

Table 2 Multiple group tests of measurement invariance between Eastern and Western cultures

From: On the Validation of the Passion Scale in Chinese

Model

Culture invariance

df

χ2

CFI

TLI

RMSEA (90% CI)

Model 1: no invariance

120

883.221

0.916

0.908

0.076 (0.071–0.080)

Model 2: configural (FL)

128

1,032.200

0.901

0.898

0.080 (0.075–0.084)

Model 3: metric (FL + FV)

130

1,050.835

0.899

0.898

0.081 (0.075–0.084)

Model 4: scalar (FL + FV + FC)

132

1,048.313

0.900

0.900

0.079 (0.075–0.084)

  1. The sets of parameters constrained to be invariant across the multiple groups are combinations of factor loadings (FL), factor variances (FV), and factor covariances (FC).
  2. CFI comparative fit index, TLI Tucker–Lewis index, RMSEA root-mean square error of approximation, CI confidence interval.