Psychology of Well-Being

Theory, Research and Practice

Table 2 Mean scores for the musical parameters in expressing happiness, sadness and anger

From: Adolescents’ expression and perception of emotion in music reflects their broader abilities of emotional communication

	Happiness		Sadness		Anger
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Tempo	2.11	3.26	0.80	0.33	1.52	0.75
Loudness	3.31	7.93	−3.17	3.24	2.00	5.34
Pitch	6.19	1.00	−11.99	5.98	−17.90	6.63
Articulation	2.60	0.55	1.89	1.03	1.67	1.64
Timbre	1.72	0.55	0.90	0.50	0.91	0.71

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