Managing performance anxiety and improving mental skills in conservatoire students through performance psychology training: a pilot study

Osborne, Margaret S; Greene, Don J; Immel, Don T

doi:10.1186/s13612-014-0018-3

Psychology of Well-Being

Theory, Research and Practice

Table 1 Performance Skills Inventory (PSI) factors and 11 performance success strategies

From: Managing performance anxiety and improving mental skills in conservatoire students through performance psychology training: a pilot study

PSI skill factor		PSI sub-scales	Intervention strategies
1	Energy Regulation
	Ability to manage performance anxiety	Optimal Energy	Energy
		Performance Energy	Centering: controlling performance energy
		Audition Energy
		Energy Regulation
2	Preparation
	Ability to acquire and retain new information	Ability to Learn	Preparation I Developing better practice habits
		Practice Habits	Preparation II Improving learning: overview of five learning modes, mental rehearsal, prioritizing material and identifying obstacles
		Memorizing Music	Preparation III Memorizing music
		Overall Preparation
3	Confidence
	Self-belief	Self-Talk	Confidence I Improving self-talk, developing positive self-talk habits
		Expectancy	Confidence II Mental rehearsal
		Mental Rehearsal
		Overall Confidence
4	Courage
	Willingness to confront fears and take risks	Confronting Fear	Courage Becoming a more courageous performer, overcoming fear of failure
		Building Courage
		Confronting Failure
		Overall Courage
5	Focus
	Focus on command, not attending to distractions	Getting Present	Focus Focusing past distractions
		Achieving Mental Quiet
		Focusing Past Distractions
6	Concentration
	Quiet mind under pressure of performance	Accessing Alpha	Concentration Concentrating on demand, energy and concentration
		Building Stamina
		Concentrating on Command
		Overall Concentration
7	Resilience
	Ability to bounce back	Recovering from Mistakes	Resilience I Rebound faster from mistakes
	from adversity	Mental Toughness	Resilience II Becoming mentally tough, training for adversity
	from adversity	Overall Tesilience

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