Table 2 Mean Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, and Tests of Homogeneity for Hope Interventions

Outcome Variable/Moderator

d

k

Interval (95%)

Q _w

Q _b

Hope

.22

26

.17/.27

40.44*

   Research Design

Experimental

.28

12

.13/.43

8.84

Quasi-experimental

.21

14

.16/.26

30.92*

.68

   Outcome Measure

Snyder Hope Scale

.23

19

.18/.28

34.32*

Herth Hope Scale

.15

7

.03/.27

4.81

1.31

   Age of Participants

Children/adolescents

.24

6

.17/.31

10.77

Adults

.20

20

.13/.27

28.90

.77

   Recruitment of Participants

Psychiatric/medical facility

.19

17

.14/.25

29.77*

School/community

.30

9

.19/.41

8.06

2.61†

   Delivery of Intervention

Individual

.17

10

.07/.27

17.08*

Group

.23

16

.18/.29

22.29

1.08

   Intervention Manual

Manual/protocol used

.20

22

.13/.28

31.44

No manual/protocol used

.23

4

.17/.29

8.71*

.29

   Context of Intervention

Clinical/medical setting

.18

20

.13/.23

27.34

Research setting

.39

6

.28/.51

1.51

11.59*

   Dose of Intervention

One session

.40

7

.26/.54

1.52

Multiple sessions

.19

19

.14/.25

31.24*

7.68*

   Publication Status

Published study

.23

20

.18/.28

24.36

Unpublished dissertation

.09

6

-.06/.24

12.88*

3.20†

Psychological distress

.04

9

-.12/.19

4.85

Life satisfaction

.16

10

.03/.28

6.22